Redwing

Species Profile

Redwing

Turdus iliacus

Redwing

Quick Facts

Conservation

NTNear Threatened

Lifespan

2–5 years[4]

Length

20–24 cm

Weight

50–75 g

Wingspan

33–35 cm

Migration

Long-distance Migrant

A flash of rusty-red under the wing signals this charming thrush's arrival, often signalling the start of winter across Europe and beyond.

Also known as: Red-winged Thrush

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Gallery

Juvenile Redwing
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Juvenile Redwing

Appearance

The Redwing is a small thrush with distinctive rusty-red flanks and underwing. Its upperparts are brown, while the underparts are white with dark streaks. A prominent pale stripe above the eye contrasts with its dark brown head.

Both sexes look similar, both with black eyes, a yellow bill with a black tip, and pinkish legs. Juveniles appear similar to adults but have pale streaks on the upperparts and lack the characteristic rusty flanks.

Winter plumage is slightly duller than breeding plumage, but the red flanks remain a key identifier year-round.

Identification & Characteristics

Colors

Primary
Brown
Secondary
Red
Beak
Brown
Legs
Pink

Attributes

Agility85/100
Strength40/100
Adaptability80/100
Aggression65/100
Endurance90/100

Habitat & Distribution

Redwings breed in northern Europe and Asia, from Iceland to eastern Siberia. They prefer open woodlands, forest edges, and tundra with scattered trees for nesting. During winter, they migrate south to milder climates.

In the UK, Redwings are common winter visitors, arriving in large numbers from October onwards. They can be found in a variety of habitats including fields, parks, and gardens across the British Isles. They rarely forage in towns and cities, so head to the countryside for your best chance.

Distribution

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Where to See This Bird

Explore regional guides for locations where this bird has been recorded.

United Kingdom

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec

Wales

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

England

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec

Northern Ireland

ResidentJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Oct, Nov, Dec

Cambridgeshire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec

Scotland

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec

Rutland

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

Bedfordshire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec

Buckinghamshire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

Berkshire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

Bristol

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Oct, Nov, Dec

Cheshire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

Cornwall

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

Cumbria

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec

Derbyshire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec

Devon

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Oct, Nov, Dec

Dorset

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Oct, Nov, Dec

Durham

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec

East Riding of Yorkshire

ResidentJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec

Essex

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

East Sussex

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

Gloucestershire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec

Hampshire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

Herefordshire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

Hertfordshire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

Isle of Wight

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Oct, Nov, Dec

Kent

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec

Merseyside

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec

Lancashire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

Leicestershire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

Lincolnshire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec

London

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec

Manchester

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

Northumberland

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec

Norfolk

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec

Northamptonshire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

Nottinghamshire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

North Yorkshire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec

Oxfordshire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

South Yorkshire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec

Tyne and Wear

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec

West Midlands

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

Suffolk

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

Shropshire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec

Somerset

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

Surrey

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

Staffordshire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

Stockton-on-Tees

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Oct, Nov, Dec

Warwickshire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

Wiltshire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

West Yorkshire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

Worcestershire

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec

West Sussex

Non-breedingJan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Oct, Nov, Dec
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Diet

Redwings primarily feed on invertebrates such as earthworms, insects, snails, and spiders during the breeding season. They find a lot of their prey searching through leaf litter.

In autumn and winter, they switch to a more frugivorous diet, consuming berries and fruits, particularly rowan, hawthorn, and holly.

These birds rarely visit bird feeders, although they could be tempted with apples and mealworms in snowy conditions when they are more likely to venture into gardens.

Behaviour

Redwings are often seen foraging on the ground in flocks, probing for invertebrates with quick, jerky movements. During migration, they travel in large groups, often at night.

In breeding territories, males become fiercely protective, chasing away intruders with aggressive displays.

Calls & Sounds

The Redwing's call is a thin, high-pitched 'tseep' or 'sip', often heard during nocturnal migration. Its song is a varied, melodious warble reminiscent of other thrushes but with a distinctive, slightly melancholic quality. In flight, they produce a soft, whistling 'seeip' sound.

Nesting & Breeding

Redwings form monogamous pairs during the breeding season, which typically begins in May. Males establish territories and attract females with melodious songs.

Nests are cup-shaped structures made of grass, moss, and mud, usually placed low in trees or shrubs. Females lay 4-6 pale blue eggs with brown speckles. Both parents share incubation duties.

The incubation period lasts about 13 days, with chicks fledging after another 10-14 days. Pairs often raise two broods per season in favourable conditions.

Conservation

Listed as Near Threatened, Redwing populations are declining in parts of their range due to habitat loss and climate change. 

Conservation efforts focus on preserving breeding habitats in northern Europe and maintaining suitable wintering grounds in southern regions.

NTNear Threatened
[1]

Population

Estimated: 98,000,000 - 151,000,000 individuals[2]

Trend: Decreasing[3]

Elevation

Up to 1,000 meters

Additional Details

Predators:
Main predators of Redwings include Sparrowhawks, Peregrine Falcons, and other birds of prey. Ground-nesting individuals are also vulnerable to foxes and domestic cats.

Birdwatching Tips

  • Look for Redwings in open fields and parks during the winter months
  • Listen for their thin, high-pitched call, especially at night during migration
  • Observe flocking behaviour with other thrush species like Fieldfares
  • In the UK, check berry-laden hedgerows and orchards in autumn and winter

Did You Know?

  1. Redwings can travel up to 800 km (around 500 miles) in a single night during migration.
  2. They have excellent night vision, allowing them to navigate and forage in low light conditions.
  3. Redwings are known to form mixed flocks with Fieldfares, another thrush species, during winter.

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