
Species Profile
Greylag Goose
Anser anser
Quick Facts
Conservation
LCLeast ConcernLifespan
15–20 years
Length
75–90 cm
Weight
2500–4100 g
Wingspan
147–180 cm
Migration
Partial migrant
Also known as: Grey Goose, Wild Goose
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Appearance
The Greylag Goose is a large, robust waterfowl with predominantly grey-brown plumage. Its body is marked by darker barring on the belly and lighter grey fringes on the back feathers, giving it a scaly appearance. The head and neck are a lighter grey-brown colour.
Adults have a distinctive orange-pink bill and pink legs. Females are mostly the same as males but are smaller on average and can sometimes have duller plumage. Juveniles appear similar to adults but with a duller overall colouration and lack distinct belly markings.
Identification & Characteristics
Colors
- Primary
- Grey
- Secondary
- White
- Beak
- Pink
- Legs
- Pink
Attributes
Understanding Attributes
Rated 0–100 based on research and observation. A score of 50 is average across all bird species. These attributes are relative and don't necessarily indicate superiority.
Habitat & Distribution
Greylag Geese inhabit a wide range of wetland habitats, including marshes, lakes, estuaries, and coastal lagoons. They are also found in adjacent grasslands and agricultural areas. Their breeding range extends across northern and central Europe and Asia.
In the UK, Greylag Geese are year-round residents, with populations augmented by winter visitors from Iceland.
Distribution
Where to See This Bird
Explore regional guides for locations where this bird has been recorded.
United Kingdom
England
Northern Ireland
Scotland
Wales
Bedfordshire
Rutland
Cambridgeshire
Buckinghamshire
Berkshire
Cheshire
Cumbria
Derbyshire
Dorset
Durham
East Riding of Yorkshire
Essex
East Sussex
Gloucestershire
Hampshire
Herefordshire
Hertfordshire
Isle of Wight
Kent
London
Merseyside
Lancashire
Leicestershire
Lincolnshire
Northumberland
Norfolk
Northamptonshire
Nottinghamshire
North Yorkshire
Oxfordshire
South Yorkshire
Tyne and Wear
West Midlands
Suffolk
Shropshire
Somerset
Surrey
Staffordshire
Stockton-on-Tees
Warwickshire
West Yorkshire
Worcestershire
West Sussex
Diet
Greylag Geese are primarily herbivorous, feeding on a variety of plant materials. They graze on grasses, sedges, and aquatic plants in wetlands and nearby fields. In agricultural areas, they may also consume crops such as wheat, barley, and potatoes, sometimes leading to conflicts with farmers.
These large birds graze on large fields alongside other birds and livestock, such as cows and sheep. They’re pretty content consuming mainly grasses, leaves, stems, and roots, but sometimes they eat insects, molluscs, and small fish.
Greylag geese feed throughout the morning and afternoon and tend to increase their protein-rich food intake during summer in preparation for migration.
Behaviour
Greylag Geese are highly social birds, often seen in large flocks outside the breeding season. They have a characteristic waddling gait on land and are strong swimmers. During flight, they form distinctive V-shaped formations, communicating with loud, honking calls to maintain group cohesion.
Calls & Sounds
The Greylag Goose is known for its loud, resonant calls. They tend to be even more nasal than other geese and have around nine types of honk-like sounds and cackles.
Their most characteristic vocalisation is a deep, honking 'aahng-unk' or 'gahng-gahng', often heard in flight or when alarmed. During courtship and pair bonding, they produce softer, more varied calls.
Nesting & Breeding
Greylag Geese typically form monogamous pairs that may last for several years. The breeding season usually begins in April or May, depending on the location. Pairs often return to the same nesting sites year after year.
Nests are built on the ground, usually close to water and hidden in vegetation. The female constructs a large, bowl-shaped nest using plant materials and lines it with down. A typical clutch consists of 4-6 creamy white eggs.
Incubation, carried out solely by the female, lasts about 27-28 days. The male stands guard nearby. Goslings are precocial, leaving the nest within 24 hours of hatching and fledge after about 8-9 weeks.
Conservation
While the Greylag Goose is currently listed as Least Concern, it faces localised threats from habitat loss and hunting. Conservation efforts focus on protecting wetland habitats and managing populations in areas where they may conflict with agriculture.
Elevation
Up to 2,500 meters
Additional Details
- Predators:
- Adult Greylag Geese face few natural predators, but eggs and goslings are vulnerable to foxes, large gulls, and birds of prey such as White-tailed Eagles.
Birdwatching Tips
- Look for Greylag Geese in open wetlands, lakes, and agricultural fields.
- Listen for their loud, honking calls, especially when in flight.
- Observe their distinctive V-shaped flying formations during migration periods.
- In the UK, check coastal areas and inland wetlands year-round.
Did You Know?
- The Greylag Goose is believed to be the ancestor of most domestic goose breeds.
- They can fly at altitudes of up to 8,000 meters during migration.
- Greylag Geese have excellent memory and can remember migration routes and stopover sites for years.
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