Species Profile
Eurasian Scops-owl
Otus scops
Quick Facts
Conservation
LCLeast ConcernAlso known as: European Scops-owl, Common Scops-owl, Eurasian Scops Owl, Common Scops Owl
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Appearance
The Eurasian Scops-owl is a small owl with prominent ear-tufts and large yellow eyes. Its plumage is mottled grey or brown, providing excellent camouflage against tree bark. Fine black streaks run vertically down its body.
Both sexes look similar, with subtle variations in overall colouration. Juveniles resemble adults but may have a slightly fluffier appearance and less defined markings.
There are two different morphs, the most common being predominantly grey-brown in colour with a paler face and underparts.
Identification & Characteristics
Colors
- Primary
- Grey
- Secondary
- White
- Beak
- Black
- Legs
- Grey
Attributes
Understanding Attributes
Rated 0–100 based on research and observation. A score of 50 is average across all bird species. These attributes are relative and don't necessarily indicate superiority.
Habitat & Distribution
This species inhabits open woodlands, orchards, and parklands across southern and eastern Europe, parts of North Africa, and into central Asia. It prefers areas with a mix of open ground for hunting and trees for nesting and roosting.
During summer, it breeds across much of its range, but most populations migrate to sub-Saharan Africa for winter. Small numbers occasionally reach the UK, particularly in the south and east.
Distribution
Diet
The Eurasian Scops-owl primarily feeds on large insects such as moths, beetles, and grasshoppers.
It also consumes small vertebrates, including rodents, small birds, earthworms, and reptiles. This owl's diet varies seasonally, with more insects taken during summer.
They will sometimes forage for food while on the ground but more commonly swoop down from their perch and grab their prey with claws.
Behaviour
This nocturnal owl is remarkably cryptic, often perching motionless against tree trunks to avoid detection. It hunts from low perches, swooping down to catch prey on the ground or in mid-air.
During the day, it roosts in dense foliage or tree cavities, relying on its camouflage for protection.
Calls & Sounds
The male's call is a monotonous, flute-like 'tyü' or 'kyoo' repeated at regular intervals, often for long periods at night. This sound carries far and is the best way to detect the species' presence. Females may respond with a softer, higher-pitched version of the call.
One of the best descriptions of this relatively unique sound is to liken it to the sonar ping heard in submarine films when the vessel is being tracked by a surface ship, although the bird’s call is not always pitched as high.
Nesting & Breeding
Breeding occurs from late April to July. Males attract females with their distinctive calls and may perform display flights. Pairs are monogamous for the breeding season.
Nests are typically located in tree cavities, old woodpecker holes, or nest boxes. The female lays 3-6 white, round eggs directly on the cavity floor without additional nesting material.
Incubation lasts about 24-25 days, solely by the female. Chicks fledge after 21-29 days but remain dependent on their parents for several more weeks.
Conservation
While listed as Least Concern globally, the Eurasian Scops-owl faces localised threats from habitat loss and pesticide use.
Conservation efforts focus on preserving old-growth forests and promoting sustainable agricultural practices to maintain suitable hunting grounds.
Birdwatching Tips
- Listen for its distinctive 'tyü' call at night, especially during spring and summer
- Look for its silhouette against the night sky when perched on exposed branches
- Search for pellets or whitewash beneath potential roosting sites
- Use a spotlight with a red filter to minimise disturbance when observing at night
Did You Know?
- Despite its small size, the Eurasian Scops-owl can catch prey as large as small bats in flight.
- Its ear tufts are not related to hearing but are used for camouflage and communication.
- This species can lower its metabolic rate to survive periods of food scarcity.
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