Rufous-tailed Rock-thrush

The Rufous-tailed Rock-thrush is a striking bird with distinct sexual dimorphism. Males display a blue-grey head and upper mantle, contrasting with orange underparts and a rufous tail. The wings are brownish-grey with a distinctive white back patch.

Females are more subdued, with greyish-brown plumage and buff scaling, featuring orange-buff underparts with grey-brown barring and a whitish chin. Both sexes share similar tail colouring.

Juveniles resemble females but show heavier marking above and broader buff wing edges. Young males in their first summer show some residual scaling both above and below.

The Rufous-tailed Rock-thrush's song is a series of clear, flute-like whistles interspersed with softer warbling notes. It often includes mimicry of other bird species. The call is a sharp, metallic 'chack' or 'tack', sometimes given in rapid succession when alarmed.

• Look for them in rocky, open habitats at higher elevations
• Listen for their melodious song, especially during the breeding season
• Observe their habit of perching on prominent rocks or posts
• Visit breeding grounds in spring and summer for the best chance of sightings

The Rufous-tailed Rock-thrush primarily feeds on insects, including beetles, grasshoppers, and caterpillars. They supplement their diet with small berries and fruits, especially during autumn migration. These birds often hunt by pouncing on prey from an elevated perch.

Breeding occurs from May to July. Males establish territories and attract females with their melodious songs and aerial displays. Pairs are monogamous for the breeding season.

Nests are built in rock crevices or under boulders, constructed primarily by the female using grass, moss, and small roots. The clutch typically consists of 4-5 pale blue eggs with fine reddish-brown speckles.

Incubation lasts about 13-14 days, primarily by the female. Both parents feed the chicks, which fledge after 14-16 days but remain dependent on adults for several more weeks.

Rufous-tailed Rock-thrushes are often seen perched prominently on rocks or low bushes, scanning for prey. They exhibit a distinctive bobbing motion when alert.

During courtship, males perform elaborate aerial displays, singing while flying upwards before gliding back down.

While currently listed as Least Concern, the Rufous-tailed Rock-thrush faces localised threats from habitat loss due to changes in land use and agricultural practices.

Climate change may also impact their high-altitude habitats in the long term.