Broad-winged Hawk

The Broad-winged Hawk is one of North America's smaller hawks, with a compact, stocky build and relatively short, broad wings. Adults typically show rich brown upperparts, with a distinctively banded tail featuring one prominent white band across the middle and narrower white bands at the base and tip.

The underparts are pale with reddish-brown barring on the chest and belly and a whitish throat. A rare dark form exists, appearing entirely dark brown.

Juveniles have similar overall coloration but show streaking rather than barring on their whitish underparts, and their tail has multiple narrow bands rather than the adult's bold pattern. In flight, this hawk exhibits a distinctive silhouette with short, broad wings and a short tail.

The Broad-winged Hawk's most distinctive call is a high-pitched, whistled 'pee-weeee'. This piercing sound is often heard during the breeding season and serves as a territorial announcement.

During courtship, pairs may engage in a series of rapid, descending whistles, creating a unique duet.

• Look for Broad-winged Hawks in deciduous or mixed forests, especially near clearings or edges.
• During migration, scan the skies for large kettles of circling hawks, particularly in September.
• Listen for their distinctive, high-pitched whistle, often described as 'pee-wee'.
• In the eastern United States, watch for them perched on branches near forest edges.

Broad-winged Hawks are opportunistic predators with a diverse diet. They primarily hunt small mammals such as voles, mice, and chipmunks but also consume amphibians, reptiles, and insects.

These hawks often hunt from a perch, swooping down to capture prey on the ground or in low vegetation.

Breeding pairs form in spring, shortly after returning from their wintering grounds. Males perform aerial displays to attract females, including steep dives and spiraling flights. Courtship also involves mutual soaring and talon grasping.

Nests are typically built in the main crotch or on a horizontal branch of a deciduous tree, 20-40 feet above ground. The nest is a platform of sticks lined with bark, moss, and fresh green leaves. Females lay 2-3 whitish eggs with brown spots.

Incubation lasts about 28-31 days, primarily done by the female while the male provides food. Chicks fledge after 5-6 weeks but remain dependent on parents for several more weeks.

Broad-winged Hawks are known for their impressive migratory behavior, often forming large flocks called 'kettles' during fall migration. These birds soar on thermals, conserving energy as they travel long distances.

During the breeding season, they are generally solitary and defend their territories vigorously against intruders.

While currently listed as Least Concern, Broad-winged Hawks face threats from habitat loss, particularly in their wintering grounds in South America.

Conservation efforts focus on protecting large tracts of forest and maintaining migration corridors. Climate change may also impact their migration patterns and breeding success in the future.